Informatics Publishing Limited

R. Yadav ¹, C. Haldar ¹, L. K. Pandey ²

Affiliations
1 Pineal research Lab., Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221 005, IN
2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221 005, IN

Abstract

There is lack of basic information about peripheral melatonin level and its relationship with gestational hormones i.e., estrogens and progesterone, in human females. The present study addressed this issue and aimed to find the relationship between the levels of melatonin and estrogen and progesterone during different weeks of gestation, during parturition and during post-partum. The data suggest that there is a definite ratio of melatonin with both the steroids hormons before and during gestation as well as post-partum. An inverse relationship between the levels of estrogen and melatonin was observed in non-pregnant and post-partum women, while a direct relationship was observed during gestation. These two different types of hormonal relationships might be essential for maintenance of pregnancy. The inverse relationship of melatonin with progesterone during parturition may serve as a signal for parturition.

Keywords

Melatonin, Estradiol, Progesterone, Gestation, Parturition, Post-Partum.

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A. S. Rajawat ¹, H. B. Chauhan ¹, R. Ratheesh ¹, S. Rode ¹, R. J. Bhanderi ¹, M. Mahapatra ¹, Mohit Kumar ¹, R. Yadav ², S. P. Abraham ³, S. S. Singh ², K. N. Keshri ², Ajai ¹

Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 Central Water Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, New Delhi 110 606, IN
3 Central Water Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Kochi 682 020, IN

Abstract

The long stretch of coastline on either side of the Indian peninsula is subjected to varied coastal processes and anthropogenic pressures, which makes the coast vulnerable to erosion. There is no systematic inventory of shoreline changes occurring along the entire Indian coast on 1 : 25,000 scale, which is required for planning measures to be taken up for protecting the coast at the national level. It is in this context that shoreline change mapping on 1 : 25,000 scale for the entire Indian coast based on multidate satellite data in GIS environment has been carried out for 1989-1991 and 2004-2006 time frame. The present communication discusses salient observations and results from the shoreline change inventory. The results show that 3829 km (45.5%) of the coast is under erosion, 3004 km (35.7%) is getting accreted, while 1581 km (18.8%) of the coast is more or less stable in nature. Highest percentage of shoreline under erosion is in the Nicobar Islands (88.7), while the percentage of accreting coastline is highest for Tamil Nadu (62.3) and Goa has the highest percentage of stable shoreline (52.4). The analysis shows that the Indian coast has lost a net area of about 73 sq. km during 1989-1991 and 2004-2006 time frame. In Tamil Nadu, a net area of about 25.45 sq. km has increased due to accretion, while along the Nicobar Islands about 93.95 sq. km is lost due to erosion. The inventory has been used to prepare a Shoreline Change Atlas of the Indian Coast.

Keywords

Accretion, Coastal Erosion, Shoreline Changes, High and Low Tide Lines, Satellite Data.

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R. Tripathi ¹, C. Haldar ¹, R. Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, IN

Abstract

Phosphorylation of thymidine, a key step in pyrimdine salvage pathway involved in DNA synthesis is catalyzed by Deoxythymidine kinase [Thymidine kinase (TK)-ATP: thymidine 5'-Phosphotransferase, EC: 2.7.1.21]. Several authors correlated changes in TK activity and ³H-Thymidine incorporation into DNA of various tissues or with cell divisions or under influence of EGF (Lewinski et al., 1997) and found that the relationship was a proportional one (Kahn et al, 1980; Zieve 1985).

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C. Haldar ¹, R. Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Pineal Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, IN

Abstract

The pineal gland, the transducer of several environmental cues through its hormone, melatonin, is known to play a critical role in the reproduction of several seasonally breeding mammals. The role of pineal gland in the control of male reproduction is already established beyond doubt. The logical hypothesis that the pineal gland would be involved in the aspects of female reproduction, particularly gestation, embryonic development and fetal growth, has been tested in a few seasonally breeding mammals and this paper reviews the outcome as of now. Evidence for establishment of an inverse relationship before pregnancy followed by moderately high activity with a positive correlation during pregnancy and a sudden increase in pineal activity during parturition has been produced, which suggests that high melatonin level has something to do with parturition or early abortion. The pineal gland perhaps maintains the normal physiology during gestation and post-parturition periods. This is further reflected in the prolactin levels of fetal sheep which is modulated by the photoperiod experienced by the mother during gestation. Maternal photoperiodic exposures during gestation and lactation periods alter the neonatal growth and sexual maturation of the Indian palm squirrel via the maternal transfer of photoperiodic information through the pineal gland, as aspect known as "pineal programming". The primary source of melatonin for the fetus is the maternal pineal gland, which is transferred across the placenta during conception and, later after parturition, through the milk, which suggests that a maternally generated melatonin rhythm would be expressed in fetal cerebrospinal fluid as well as in the circulation. Further, maternal melatonin is necessary for normal somatic growth and postnatal development of reproductive organs of the offspring. Melatonin ultimately affects reproductive activity by modulating hypothalamic neuroendocrine circuits whose activity is necessary for gonadal function. The influence of melatonin on reproductive development begins during the prenatal period and extends into the postnatal life. Photoperiodic information, mediated via the pineal gland may be important for maintaining gestational physiology as well as postpartum recovery in female rodents. Further, melatonin has been shown to play adaptive role in the maintenance of delayed embryonic development in bats. Correlation between a developmental decline in melatonin levels and the timing of puberty in humans led to the speculation that melatonin regulates the timing of puberty in the human. These studies on the influence of melatonin on gestation indicate two major inferences viz., melatonin could be one of the major hormones establishing homeostasis during gestation since any disturbance in the level of melatonin causes abortion, and melatonin is one of the hormones of great adaptive significance for embryonic diapause.

Keywords

Embryonic Growth, Gestation, Melatonin, Photoperiod, Pineal Gland, Puberty.

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N. Jain ¹, S. Magu ², R. Yadav ³, S. Rohilla ⁴, S. Jain ⁵

Affiliations
1 Oscar Superspeciality Hospital and Trauma Centre, Pt. BD Sharma, PGIMS, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
2 Pt. BD Sharma, PGIMS, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
3 Pt. BD Sharma, PGIMS, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
4 Department of Radiodiagnosis, Pt. BD Sharma, PGIMS, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pt. BD Sharma, PGIMS, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, IN

Abstract

We present a case of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of liver (UESL), a rare and aggressive tumour with poor prognosis. It is an uncommon hepatic tumour, of mesenchymal origin, usually observed in children, and cases in adults are rare. We present a case in a 22 year old healthy male with only mild abdominal pain. On admission the patient had normal aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase. He also tested negative for hepatitis and tumour markers. On Computed tomography (CT) scan a large solid cystic mass was seen which was diagnosed as UESL on immunohistochemistry.

Keywords

Embryonal Sarcoma, Liver, Immunohistochemistry, Computed Tomography.

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S. K. Yadav ¹, S. K. S. Rajput ², M. Tripathi ³, R. Yadav ⁴, S. Chandra ⁵, R. K. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Azamgarh (U.P.), IN
2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sonbhadra (U.P.), IN
3 Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad (U.P.), IN
4 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Masoudha, Faizabad (U.P.), IN
5 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Narendra Dev University of Agricultural and Technology, Kuamrganj, Faizabad (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Frontline demonstration (FLD) was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh on chickpea (pulse) using seed plus phosphate solublizing bacteria (PSB), Rhizobium plus Trichoderma plus insecticide (indoxacarb) in combination, at farmers fields for two consecutive years (2013-14 and 2014-15). The highest grain yield (14.10 q/ha) was observed in varietyPG-186 in year 2014-2015. It was 46.9 per cent higher yield over the farmers practice (9.60 q/ha). The study indicates FLD enhances the productivity of chickpea over conventional farmer field methods in each progressive year. The highest grain yield was observed in 2014-15 which was close to yield obtained in 2013-14. The lowest yield was recorded in the year 2013-14 under demonstration when compared to traditional chick pea production method which resulted more than succeeding year (in farmers practice). The increasing trend in the per cent increase of yield was found due to variation in agro-climatic factors under rainfed condition. The FLD produces a significant positive result and provide an opportunity to demonstrate the productivity potential and profitability of the latest technology under existing farming conditions.

Keywords

Chickpea, PSB, FLD, Rhizobium, Trichoderma.

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R. G. Jakasania ¹, A. L. Vadher ², R. Yadav ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
2 Department of Farm Power Engineering, College of Agricultural, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
3 Department of Farm Power Engineering, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

Proper design of agriculture implements is necessary in order to increase their working life time and reduce the farming costs. In this study Creo and ANSYS software were used to carry out finite element analysis of inclined type subsoiler. 3D model of inclined type subsoiler was made using Creo software and static structural analysis of subsoiler was carried out using ANSYS software. The dimensions of inclined type subsoiler was selected as per local manufacturing database of subsoiler whereas loading condition defined by maximum draft force which was exerted on inclined type subsoiler in field. Results of simulation showed that maximum deformation was observed as 2.74 mm at the end of the share while maximum equivalent (von-mises) stress was 280.71MPa at the clamp. Maximum principal stress and maximum shear stress were found as 283.30MPa and 46.24MPa, respectively in subsoiler. The value of factor of safety was 1.25 and it was observed that factor of safety was very low so optimized design is required.

Keywords

CAD, Deformation, FEA, Stress, Subsoiler.

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D. Prakash ¹, C. K. Singh ¹, R. S. Kumar ², R. Yadav ¹, S. K. Rai ¹, M. K. Yadav ³, Pradip K. Singh ¹, S. Jaiswal ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
2 Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, IN
3 Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, IN

Abstract

Kornerupine, although a rare mineral, has been reported from several locations around the world in various types of aluminomagnesian Proterozoic rocks subjected to amphibolite and granulite facies metamorphism. Here we report the occurrence of kornerupine in quartzo-feldspathic gneisses near Kunjan town located in the southwestern part of Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India. These kornerupine granulites show well-preserved retrogression texture, involving hydration reactions which helped develop the various mineral assemblages. The common stable assemblage in these granulites is orthopyroxene–cordierite–kornerupine–biotite–spinel–K-feldspar–plagioclase. The P–T conditions of these granulites have been derived using the winTWQ program, which gives results of ~800°C and ~6 kbar for kornerupine-bearing assemblage. The high P–T assemblage reported from this area bears a significant relationship with the metamorphic history and exhumation of the Salem–Namakkal block

Keywords

Hydration reactions, kornerupine granulites, metamorphic evolution, mineral assemblages, retrogression texture.

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